CHAPS is a zwitterionic surfactant derived from cholic acid, primarily used to solubilize membrane proteins and other macromolecules. Can be easily removed from gels or protein solutions by dialysis across a membrane. It combines the features of bile salts and N-alkyl sulfobetaine
CHAPS is used as a nondenaturing solvent in the process of protein purification and is especially useful in purifying membrane proteins, which are often sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous solution due to their natively hydrophobic cellular environment. When in salt, CHAPS tends to behave as a weakly charged cation. However, in water or buffer, it behaves as a nonionic surfactant.
CHAPS detergents have low light absorbance in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is useful for laboratory workers monitoring ongoing chemical reactions or protein-protein binding with UV/VIS spectroscopy. CHAPS is also useful in ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing as it is zwitterionic and does not exhibit a net charge between pH2 to12. The critical micelle concentration of CHAPS is 6-10mM.
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